This article throws light upon the five main steps involved in the process of control. The steps are: 1. Determining the Areas of Control 2. Setting Standards 3. Measurement of Performance 4. Comparison of Performance against Standards 5. Correction of Deviations. Step # 1. Determining the Areas of Control: It is not possible for managers to control every activity and [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of 'Management by Exception' 2. Merits of 'Management by Exception' 3. Principles. Meaning of 'Management by Exception': Trying to control everything may end up in controlling nothing". Managers cannot control every organisational activity. This is neither desirable nor possible within the frame of time, money and resource constraints. If actual [...]
This article throws light upon the top six traditional techniques of control exercised in an organisation. The traditional techniques are: 1. Personal Observation 2. Budgetary Control 3. Break-Even Analysis 4. Financial Statements 5. Statistical Data and Reports 6. Quality Control. Traditional Technique # 1. Personal Observation: This is the simplest way to control organisational activities where managers take rounds at [...]