In this article we will discuss about the traditional and modern techniques of control used in an organisation. Traditional Techniques of Controlling: I. Budgeting (or Budgetary Control System): A budget is both - a method of planning and an instrument (or device) for controlling. It is a plan in so far as the numerical expression of the standards of performance [...]
In this article we will discuss about the types of communication. On the Basis of Relationship or Organisational Structure: a. Formal Communication: Formal communication is that which takes place through the formal channels of the organisation structure deliberately and consciously established by the management. It implies the flow of the information along the lines of authority formally established in the [...]
Many of the research studies, particularly by behavioral scientists, have been carried on to find out the answer to the question: what makes leader effective? Is his success due to his personality, or his behavior, or the types of followers he has, or the situation in which he works, or a combination of all these? These researchers, however, could not [...]