After reading this essay you will learn about:- 1. Formation of Cartels 2. Factors Conductive For Cartel Formation 3. Operations of the Cartel 4. Factors which Indicate the Cartel Presence. Formation of Cartels: The trading blocks and product associations and commissions are legal entities with written constitution and code of conduct for the member countries/industries. They have physical presence in [...]
This article throws light upon the two main types of trade barriers. The types are: 1. Tariff Barriers 2. Non-Tariff Barriers. Trade Barrier: Type # 1. Tariff Barriers: These barriers are meant for price protection of the domestic industry. It is imposed in any of the following three forms or a combination of them: Ad Valorem Duties: It is a [...]
This article provides a study note on tendering system. Meaning of Tender: A tender is an intention for procurement/import or for sale/export of specified materials and/or services under specific terms and conditions under specified payment terms. The basic idea behind this form of procurement is to give equal opportunity to all that are interested to do business. It involves bureaucracy [...]