In this article we will discuss about hardware and software restructuring of a company. Hardware Restructuring: This involves redefining, dismantling, or modification of the existing structure of the organization. The major areas of the 'hardware' restructuring are as follows: 1. Identification of Core Competency: This involves a detailed analysis of the inherent strengths of the company in area vis-a-vis the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the similarities and benefits of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). Issue of ADRs and GDRs: Depository Receipts (DRs) are a type of negotiable (transferable) financial security that can be traded on a local stock exchange, representing ownership of shares in companies of other countries. As a part of globalizing [...]
EFR is calculated with the help of following formula, when other ratios remain constant: Where, A/S = Total assets/Sales Total assets include both current assets and fixed assets L/S = Current liabilities and provisions/Sales S = Sales of current year S1 = Projected sales of next year ΔS = Expected increase in sales over current year (S-S1) M = Net [...]