The techniques generally adopted in corporate restructuring and reorganization are shown in figure 18.1: Technique # 1. Joint Ventures: All joint ventures are typically characterized by two or more ventures being bound by a contractual arrangement which establishes joint control. The contractual arrangements establish joint control over the joint venturers. Such an arrangement ensures that no single venturer is in [...]
In this article we will discuss about the similarities and benefits of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). Issue of ADRs and GDRs: Depository Receipts (DRs) are a type of negotiable (transferable) financial security that can be traded on a local stock exchange, representing ownership of shares in companies of other countries. As a part of globalizing [...]
EFR is calculated with the help of following formula, when other ratios remain constant: Where, A/S = Total assets/Sales Total assets include both current assets and fixed assets L/S = Current liabilities and provisions/Sales S = Sales of current year S1 = Projected sales of next year ΔS = Expected increase in sales over current year (S-S1) M = Net [...]