The below mentioned article provides a formula to calculate the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) of a firm. SGR is the maximum growth rate which can be achieved by using both internal accruals, as well as, external debt without increasing the financial leverage. SGR is the maximum sales that can be achieved in a year based on target operating debt and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the similarities and benefits of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). Issue of ADRs and GDRs: Depository Receipts (DRs) are a type of negotiable (transferable) financial security that can be traded on a local stock exchange, representing ownership of shares in companies of other countries. As a part of globalizing [...]
EFR is calculated with the help of following formula, when other ratios remain constant: Where, A/S = Total assets/Sales Total assets include both current assets and fixed assets L/S = Current liabilities and provisions/Sales S = Sales of current year S1 = Projected sales of next year ΔS = Expected increase in sales over current year (S-S1) M = Net [...]