After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Management by Exception 2. Advantages of Management by Exception 3. Limitations 4. System. Meaning of Management by Exception: It is a system of identification and communication that signals the manager as to when and where his attention is needed. The main object of this system is to enable the [...]
Following type of participative forums are common: 1. Works Committee 2. Joint Management Council 3. Joint Council 4. Plant Council 5. Shop Council. Participative Forum: Type # 1. Works Committees: These consist of representatives of employers and workmen in equal number. The representation is for all groups and classes of workmen. The committee has a chairman, a vice chairman, a [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Quality Circles 2. Characteristics of Effective Quality Circles 3. Objectives 4. Implementation 5. Organisation and Working 6. Rules 7. Duties of Circle Leader 8. Steps for Setting up Quality Circles 9. Benefits 10. Launching of Programme. Meaning of Quality Circles: Conceptually Quality Circles can be described as a small [...]