After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Management by Exception 2. Advantages of Management by Exception 3. Limitations 4. System. Meaning of Management by Exception: It is a system of identification and communication that signals the manager as to when and where his attention is needed. The main object of this system is to enable the [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Quality Circles 2. Characteristics of Effective Quality Circles 3. Objectives 4. Implementation 5. Organisation and Working 6. Rules 7. Duties of Circle Leader 8. Steps for Setting up Quality Circles 9. Benefits 10. Launching of Programme. Meaning of Quality Circles: Conceptually Quality Circles can be described as a small [...]
After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Workers’ Participation 2. Characteristics of Workers' Participation 3. Objectives 4. Levels 5. Advantages. Meaning of Workers’ Participation: Workers’ participation in management is based on many considerations including political, economic, psychological and social. Political democracy and industrial democracy have to go hand in hand. For survival and growth, an organisation [...]