After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Morale 2. Factors Affecting Morale 3. Forms 4. Measures. Meaning of Morale: Morale is a mental condition and attitude of employees, either individually or in a group which determines their willingness to cooperate. Morale can also be defined as the extent to which an individual's needs are satisfied and [...]
After reading this article you will learn about Span of Control:- 1. Importance of Span of Control or Supervision 2. Principle of span of control 3. Factors Determining. Importance of Span of Control or Supervision: How many subordinates can a manager supervise or control directly? What should be the span or range of control or supervision is a controversial problem. [...]
After reading this article you will learn about Departmentation:- 1. Meaning of Departmentation 2. Departmentation (Grouping into Sections, Departments and Higher Administrative Units) 3. Bases. Meaning of Departmentation: We have to divide the work to be performed. First we have to group tasks to form individual jobs. This is called arranging the manageable units for individuals. Then we have to [...]