After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Morale 2. Factors Affecting Morale 3. Forms 4. Measures. Meaning of Morale: Morale is a mental condition and attitude of employees, either individually or in a group which determines their willingness to cooperate. Morale can also be defined as the extent to which an individual's needs are satisfied and [...]
This article throws light upon the top eight functions of management. The functions are: 1. Planning 2. Organising 3. Staffing 4. Directing 5. Motivating 6. Controlling 7. Co-Ordination 8. Communication. Function # 1. Planning: When management is reviewed as a process, planning is the first function performed by a manager. The work of a manager begins with the setting of [...]
This article throws light upon the five main steps involved in the planning process in an organisation. The steps are: 1. Environment Analysis 2. Determination of Mission and Objectives 3. 'Developing Strategies' 4. Developing Programmes or Action Plans 5. Control Mechanism. Planning Process: Step # 1. Environment Analysis: The external environment covers uncontrollable and unpredictable factors such as technology, market [...]