योजना के शीर्ष ग्यारह लक्षण | Read this article in Hindi to learn about the top eleven characteristics of planning in an organisation. The characteristics are: 1. Planning is a Primary Function of Management 2. Planning is a Continuous Process 3. Planning is Pervasive 4. Planning is a Means to Achieve Definite Objective and Goal 5. Planning is an Intellectual [...]
Read this article in Hindi to learn about the top eight elements of planning in an organisation. The elements are: 1. Forecasts 2. Objectives 3. Policies 4. Procedures 5. Rules 6. Budget 7. Programmes 8. Strategy. Element # 1. पूर्वानुमान (Forecasts): पूर्वानुमान नियोजन के आधार होते हैं ये भविष्य में घटित होने वाली घटनाओं तथा जोखिमों का अनुमान लगाते हैं [...]
Read this article in Hindi to learn about nine major steps involved in planning. The steps are: 1. Determination of Objectives 2. Establishment of Planning Premises 3. Search for Alternative Courses of Action 4. Evaluation of Alternative Courses of Actions 5. Selection of the Best Source of Action 6. Formulation of Sub-Plans and Few Others. Step # 1. उद्देश्यों का [...]