After reading this article you will learn about the comparison between management science and scientific management. Difference between Management Science and Scientific Management: Management Science: 1. It focuses on overall decision-making process. Technical efficiency or technology is a means rather than an end to arrive at optimum decisions. 2. It emphasises on mathematical models for planning and control. The impact [...]
Elton Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company between 1927 and 1932 (known as Hawthorne Studies) to study the impact of human factors on productivity. The Hawthorne Studies are divided into three groups: 1. Test Room Studies: 2. Interviewing Studies 3. Observation Studies. 1. Test Room Studies: These studies were conducted by [...]
Management theories can be classified into four main schools of thought: 1. Pre-Scientific Management Theory 2. Classical Theory 3. Behavioural Theory 4. Modern Management Theory. 1. Pre-Scientific Management Theories: If we look at recorded history, a number of monumental examples of management can be traced. The Sumerian civilisation, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman civilizations represent significant practices in management. They [...]