The different types of training are: 1. Induction Training 2. Job Training 3. Apprenticeship Training 4. Internship Training 5. Refresher Training or Retraining 6. Training for Promotion.
Type # 1. Induction Training:
Induction is the process by which new employees are introduced to the organization. It consists of familiarizing new employees with their jobs, introduction with his fellow workers, company policies, rules and regulations, safety etc. Employee induction or orientation training is nothing but introduction of the newly appointed employee to the organization.
Induction training for new employee plays an important role in the overall shaping of an employee. It is a very short informative training given immediately after recruitment. It helps in improving employee morale and productivity. Induction training promotes a feeling of belongingness and loyalty to the organization among new employees.
A comprehensive induction program usually covers the following:
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a. Company and its products.
b. Organization structure.
c. Functions of various departments.
d. Personnel policy.
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e. Quality policy.
f. Terms and conditions of employment and welfare facilities available.
g. Safety rules and regulations.
Type # 2. Job Training:
Job training is given to employees to provide them information about machines, processes, methods of production, materials, and instructions to be followed and so on. This makes them proficient in handling machines, equipment and materials so that operations are smooth and accidents are avoided.
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Job training develops the skill and confidence among the workers and enables them to perform the job efficiently. Various on-the-job and off-the-job training techniques are adopted to educate the employees. It helps in creating the interest of the employees in their jobs.
Type # 3. Apprenticeship Training:
Apprenticeship training constitutes two types of training i.e., academic training and practical training. Under this, both knowledge and skill in doing a particular job are involved. The trainees attend certain courses as well as receive practical training. So the new trainees are trained for certain period before they are put on production work. The new trainees are called apprentices.
Laws have been passed by government of various countries which makes it obligatory for employer to provide apprenticeship training to new trainees. The advantages of this type of training are that new trainees receive wages while learning and they acquire valuable skills which help them to secure a job. This is also advantageous to some employers as employers look upon apprentices as a cheap source of labor.
Type # 4. Internship Training:
This type of training has become quite popular because of cooperation between employers and professional institutions. The professional institutes enter into arrangement with big organizations for providing practical knowledge to its students through actual work experience. The period of such training varies from six months to one year.
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An intern is someone who works in a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment Interns are usually college or university students. Student internships provide opportunities for students to gain experience in their field and determines if they have an interest in a particular career. Internships provide employers with cheap or free labor for low-level tasks, and also the prospect of interns returning to the company after completing their education.
Type # 5. Refresher Training or Retraining:
Refresher training is meant for the old employees of the organization. The basic purpose of refresher training is to familiarize the employees with the latest methods of performing the jobs. This helps in improving the efficiency of the employees.
Type # 6. Training for Promotion:
In almost all the organizations, some vacant posts are filled up by internal recruitment i.e., promotion. So some of the talented employees from the organization are given adequate training to make them eligible for promotion. Promotion means increase in status and responsibility of an employee. The main purpose of training for promotion is to make the existing employees fit for undertaking higher job responsibilities.